Amapave mu ngo n’imihanda mito, ubwiza bw’umujyi n’umutwaro ku bidukikije

Mu mijyi yunganira Kigali nka Musanze, Rubavu, Huye na Muhanga, gukoresha amapave mu ngo no kumihanda mito byamaze kuba isura nshya y’ubwiza bw’imijyi.

Ariko inyuma y’iyi sura nziza, haracyari ikibazo gikomeye, aho amapave atinjiza amazi mu butaka, bigatera imyuzure, ubushyuhe bwinshi, ndetse bigabanya amazi yinjira mu butaka.

Amapave ubwiza bw’umujyi ingaruka ku bidukikije , kimwe kandi mu bikurura ubushyuhe bwinshi

Uwimana Jean Bosco, umuturage wo mu kagari ka Kigombe, Umurenge wa Muhoza, Akarere ka Musanze, avuga ko iyo imvura iguye hari ubwo bagira imyuzure iturutse mu duce turimo amapave.

Yagize ati: “Amapave yatumye amazi y’imvura yuzura mu mihanda, kuko ari ho hantu honyine hari uburyo bwo kuyafata. Iyo imvura iguye cyane, tunabona imyuzure yoroheje ariko ikangiza ubusitani bwacu kubera amapave yo mu  ngo  no ku mihanda.”

Amapave ateza isuri kubera ateza umuvuduko mwinshi w’amazi kandi hamwe

Uwitonze Claudine, umuturage wo  mu karere ka Rubavu, avuga ko ubushyuhe bwiyongereye, ahereye ko mu minsi yambere uyu mujyi mu duce tumwe na tumwe hatari hubakishwa amapave

Yagize ati: “Mbere twagiraga ubusitani n’amashyamba byatumaga ubushyuhe butaba bwinshi. Ubu, iyo izuba rivuye, tuba twumva twashyushye cyane haba mu nzu ndetse no hanze. Ibi byose ni ingaruka zo kuba uyu Mujyi wuzuye amapave nta busitani kandi n’ibiti ntabyo.”

Abaturagebo mu mujyi wa Huye na Muhanga abagaragaza ko hari igabanuka ry’amazi mu butaka, ariko imyuzure ikomeje kugaragara mu bihe by’imvura.

Mutuyimana Pacifique avuga ko amapave afunga neza ubutaka amazi ntiyinjiremo neza, ngo ari nayo mpamvu amazi agenda hejuru yayo agateza isuri.

Yagize ati:”Twabonye ko amapave afunga ubutaka, nta kintu cyinjira, bigatuma habaho imyuzure ariko tukabura amazi yo kuhira ibihingwa.”

Dr.Ndayambaje Samuel, Umushakashatsi mu by’ubutaka n’ibinyabitabire (soil chemistry) muri Kaminuza y’uRwanda, (Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science), avuga ko ubutaka bwambuwe ubushobozi bwo kwakira amazi kubera amapave adafite gucengera kw’amazi mu butaka (permeability), habaho igabanuka ry’ubushobozi  bw’ubutaka bwo kubika amazi n’imyunyu-ngugu.

Yagize ati:” Ibi bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y’ibimera n’ubwiza bw’ubutaka  muri rusange.”

Amapave atuma amazi atinjira hakangirika byinshi

Muhire Janvier, Umuyobozi ushinzwe amategeko y’imiturire n’imyubakire   mu kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Imiturire (RHA), avuga ko Amapave ya sima (ciment) akurura ubushyuhe kuko ashyira hamwe ubushyuhe bw’izuba kandi ntafite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe nk’ubusitani kuko nta bimera bihari.

Yagize ati: “Ibi bigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bw’ikirere mu mijyi, byatuma amazi adacengera mu butaka nanone bifasha gusubiza inyuma amazi mu butaka, bigatuma ubutaka butakira ubukonje n’imyuzure igaragara”

Akomeza agira ati: “ Gusa amapave ni kimwe mu gikoresho cyemewe mu  bwubatsi, ahubwo igikwiye ni ukureba uburyo yubatswemo n’ibiyagize, nkasaba abubaka inzu zabo ko bakwiye guteganya n’aho gutera ubusitani n’ibiti bikurura umwuka mwiza”.

Abubakisha amapave bagirwa inama yo gutera ibiti

Abashakashatsi ku nzego mpuzamahanga bemeza ko Mu mijyi, haboneka uduce tugira ubushyuhe bwinshi kurusha icyaro kizengurutse uwo mujyi, bitewe n’inyubako za sima, asphalt n’ubuke bw’ibimera; ibi byitwa uduce two mu mijyi dufata ubushyuhe bwinshi (urban heat islands).

Mu mijyi n’ahandi hari amapave hakwiye ubusitani butuma haza ubuhehere n’ubushyuhe bukagabanuka

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo kitwa EPA cyo muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA) bwakozwe mu  2014–2018) bugaragaza ko amapave atinjiza amazi mu butaka  (runoff ) ku gipimo cya 40–55%, bikongera imyuzure yihuse no gutera ubushyuhe bwinshi mu mijyi.

Ikigo UNEP cyo muri Kenya, mu bushakashatsi cyakoze mu mwaka wa 2016 cyagaragaje ko ubwinshi bw’ubuso bwubatsweho amapave butemerera amazi kwinjira mu butaka bituma budakora igikorwa cy’ubuhehere, bigatera ubushyuhe n’imyuzure.

EEA (Denmark, 2017) igaragaza ko imijyi ifite amapave menshi igira imyuzure yikubye inshuro 5 kugeza 10 ugereranyije n’ibice bifite ubutaka  bw’umwimerere.

World Bank (USA, 2015–2020) ivuga ko  amapave menshi atuma ubushyuhe bw’imijyi bwiyongera hagati ya 3°C–5°C.

Amapave atuma amazi atinjira mu butaka uko bikwiye agateza umwuzure

IPCC (Switzerland, 2021, AR6 Report) Ubutaka butinjiza amazi (Impervious surfaces) bwongera ubushyuhe ubushyuhe bw’imijyi kuko butabasha guhehera amazi kuko nta mazi  karemano.

Impuguke kurwego rw’isi Prof. Timothy R.Oke (Canada, 2012–2016) mu bushakashatsi ivuga Albedo y’amapave iri hasi, bityo akinjiza ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Dr.Brian Stone Jr.(USA, 2015–2019): Kongera ibiti no kugabanya amapave bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’imijyi hagati ya  2°C–4°C.

Prof. Melissa McHale (USA, 2014–2018) avuga ko amapave menshi atuma imijyi itakaza ubushobozi bw’ubukonje karemano (natural cooling), bituma hahora ubushyuhe bukabije.