Sobanukirwa:Akaga kari mu gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ibinyuze mu kanwa bitera kanseri yo mu muhogo

Ubu bushakashatsi bwatewe inkunga n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe ubushakashatsi (National Research Foundation), hamwe n’amakaminuza umunani arimo n’iya Cape Peninsula, Rhodes, Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Johannesburg, Kwa-Zulu Natal, Pretoria na South Africa. Yashyizwe ku rubuga n’amakaminuza ya Witwatersrand na Western Cape, hamwe n’Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’Abaturage ba Afurika (APHRC) n’Inama y’Abahanga mu bumenyi muri Nigeria. Umufatanyabikorwa mukuru ni Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Mu myaka makumyabiri ishize, mu bihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi hiyongereye cyane abarwara kanseri yo mu muhogo ku buryo hari abamaze kuvuga ko ibaye nk’icyorezo. Iriyongera cyane ni ubwoko buzwi nka kanseri y’udutsi two ku muhogo (oropharyngeal cancer), ikibasira cyane amandwi n’inyuma mu muhogo.

Intandaro nyamukuru y’iyi kanseri ni agakoko ka HPV (Human Papillomavirus)  ari na ko gasanzwe kazwiho gutera kanseri y’inkondo y’umura. Ubu, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Bwongereza, kanseri yo mu muhogo yatewe na HPV imaze kurusha iy’inkondo y’umura gukwirakwira.

HPV yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Ku bijyanye na kanseri yo mu muhogo, ibyongera ibyago cyane ni umubare w’abakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina babayeho, cyane cyane iyo binyuze mu kanwa. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko umuntu wakoze imibonano yo mu kanwa n’abantu batandatu cyangwa barenzeho mu buzima bwe agira ibyago byo kurwara kanseri yo mu muhogo inshuro zirenga 8.5 ugereranyije n’utarigeze abikora.

Ubushakashatsi ku myitwarire y’abantu bwerekana ko imibonano yo mu kanwa imaze kuba isanzwe cyane mu bihugu bimwe. Mu bushakashatsi twakoze ku bantu hafi 1,000 bari gukurwaho ubushakashatsi ku mpamvu zidafitanye isano na kanseri mu Bwongereza, abantu bakuru 80% bemeye ko bagiye bakora imibonano yo mu kanwa nibura rimwe mu buzima bwabo. Gusa, amahirwe ni uko bake cyane muri bo aribo barwara kanseri yo mu muhogo – impamvu y’iyo mibare mike ntirasobanuka neza.

Icyemezo gikunze kwemewa n’abahanga ni uko abantu benshi bandura HPV ariko bagashobora kugikiza. Ariko bake cyane bafite ikibazo cy’ubudahangarwa (immune system) budakora neza, bigatuma ako gakoko gakomeza kwiyongera mu mubiri. Iyo bigeze aho, HPV ijya mu turemangingo tw’umuntu (ADN), maze igatera impinduka zishobora guteza kanseri.

HPV yandura kandi inakwirakwira mu bice by’umuhogo bita oropharynx, ni agace kari hagati mu muhogo.

Mu bihugu byinshi hashyizweho gahunda yo gukingira abakobwa bakiri bato kugira ngo barindwe kanseri y’inkondo y’umura. Ubu hari ibimenyetso bishya, nubwo bitari bihamye burundu, byerekana ko urukingo rwa HPV rushobora no kurinda umuntu kwandura ako gakoko mu kanwa. Hari n’ibindi bimenyetso byerekana ko abahungu na bo bashobora kurindwa biciye mu “bwikingira rusange” mu bihugu bifite igipimo kiri hejuru (hejuru ya 85%) cy’abakobwa bakingiwe.

Ibi byose bitanga icyizere ko mu myaka iri imbere, kanseri y’udutsi two mu muhogo izagabanuka. Gusa ibi bishoboka gusa iyo igipimo cy’abakobwa bakingiwe kiri hejuru – kandi iyo umuntu akiri muri rubanda bakingiwe.

Icyakora, urukingo si igisubizo ku giti cy’umuntu  cyane cyane muri iyi si y’itumanaho rirambuye n’ingendo mpuzamahanga. Niba umuntu arimo imibonano n’undi uva mu gihugu gifite umubare muto w’abakingiwe, aracyafite ibyago byo kwandura HPV. Ibi birakomeye mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika aho muri 2020, abana bari hagati y’imyaka 13 na 15 bakingiwe HPV bari 54.3% gusa.

Ibi byatumye ibihugu nka UK, Australia na USA bigira gahunda yo gukingira abana bose, baba abahungu cyangwa abakobwa – ni politiki yitwa gender-neutral vaccination.

Ariko gushyiraho gahunda y’ikingira ntibihagije. Hari abantu benshi batemera urukingo rwa HPV,bamwe bafite impungenge z’umutekano warwo, abandi bibaza niba rukenewe koko, ndetse hari n’abavuga ko rushobora gutuma urubyiruko rujya mu busambanyi.

Ikibabaje kurushaho ni uko ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abenshi mu rubyiruko bashobora guhitamo gukora imibonano yo mu kanwa nk’uburyo bwo kwirinda gutera inda cyangwa kwinjira mu mibonano isanzwe.

Icyorezo cya COVID-19 na cyo cyaba kiri mu byagiye bikwiza ubu burwayi bikongera umubare kuko amashuri yarafunzwe, bigorana gukingira abana. Ikindi, habayeho gukwira kw’amarangamutima yo kwanga inkingo muri rusange (“anti-vax”), bikaba bishobora kugabanya abemera gukingirwa HPV.

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